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當前位置:防偽首頁>全息知识>全息综述-什么是全息

全息综述-什么是全息

來源:http://www.afctech.com   发布时间:2009.08.10

  全息术是由英籍匈牙利科学家丹尼斯.伽伯在 1948 年所发明的一门新科学与技术。全息图目前对公众来说仍然是一个神秘术语,全息术与大众思维的联系仅仅被限制在街头娱乐,蜡像作品,游艺集市,地狱,星球大战,宗教偶像和信用卡上。但对全息艺术家(这是一批被称为自由科学家 、工程师、艺术家、及传播者的组合,他们以 孩童般天真且原始自由状态的前所未知的感觉,不断地对这个催人入睡且令人陶醉的游戏‘从兴奋,到着迷,再到放弃')来说,导致我们正在面临的 21 世纪文明更替必然现实的现代全息术的基础已经初步奠定。以下便是他们对全息图的经典描述。

  "It is a striking property of these diagrams that they constitute records of three-dimensional as well as of plane objects. One plane after another of extended objects can be observed in the microscope, just as if the object were really in position."
  “这的确是这些图案令人惊讶的特性,他们组成了如平面物体般的三维记录。可在显微镜下观察到延伸物体的一个平面在另一个的后面,似乎该物体就在现场。 ”
   Gabor, Dennis, ‘A new microscopic principle', Nature 161(1948):777-8  
 
  "If radiation from the same source that illuminated the object during exposure is allowed to impinge on this structure, it will reflect this radiation in such fashion that the wave field of the reflected radiation will be identical to the wave field of the radiation reflected by the object."
  “如果来自与照明物体的同样光源的辐射在曝光过程中被允许与该结构相碰撞,他将以这样的方式反射其辐射,即:反射辐射的波场将于该物体反射辐射的波场相同。”
  Denisyuk, Yu N., ‘On the reflection of optical properties of an object in the wave field of light scattered by it', Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 144(1962):1275-8

  "The process can be thought of as capturing and storing the light rays and releasing them at some later time, whereupon the imaging process is carried to completion."
  “这个过程可被看成是俘获和存储光线并在以后的某个时间释放他们,于是该成像过程得已完成。”
  American Institute of Physics, ‘Press release: Object behind others now visible in 3-D pictures made by new method', 25 Oct.1964 which was preceded to the publication of “Wavefront reconstruction with diffused illumination and three dimensional objects” on Journal of the Optical Society of America 54(1964):1259-301 by the off-axis hologram developers Leith, Emmett N. and Juris Upatnieks.  

  " Holography is still the only way to do that kind of 3-D, and one of my goals all along has been to invent other kinds. But up to that point most 3-D just looked like crap, people making post-cards. I think it did up the ante quite a bit. That was the one benefit of it: to make it serious, to make it respectable. But it came, and then electronics came in and stole away the bright young people. I think they're starting to come back. All of sudden there's a little more interest, since holographic video was demonstrated. (…) You know, somebody's doing it! (chuckles) Maybe they'll build it up and get it another step or two."
  “全息仍然是制作那种 3-D 的唯一方法,而我一直的目标是发明出其它方法。但在到达那一点之前大多数 3-D 看起来就像赌博,正如人们制作明信片。我认为现在快到该下注的时候了。这是一个能够从中获利的投注:请认真对待,请严肃对待。他来了,但电子的介入偷走了聪明的年轻人。我想他们正在返回。随着全息电视的示范,突然间产生了一点更多的含义。( … )你知道,有人正在动脑筋!(吃吃笑)也许他们会将这场赌博推进一或两步。"
  Benton, Stephen A. to SFJ, interview, 11 July.2003, Cambridge, MA, quotation P.444 of “Holographic Visions: A History of New Science” written by Sean F. Johnston and published in 2006 by Oxford University Press.  

  "Holograms represent the culmination of optical physics. The creation of those unsettling images is inherently a private activity hidden in dark, equipment-filled rooms but, in recent years, also high-volume product manufactured increasingly by assembly-line process. This juxtaposition of the private and public, the dimly perceived and the brightly-lit, the painstakingly created and cheaply produced, is an important feature of this modern technology."
  “全息图代表了光学物理的顶点。创造那些飘浮不定的图像本来是藏在黑暗中充满专门设备房屋里的秘密活动,但近年来,由生产线制造的批量产品也在增加。这种秘密于公开,朦胧观察与明亮照明,辛苦创造与廉价生产的并列存在,使这种现代技术的一个重要特征。”
  Johnston , Sean F. quotation of the preface of “Holographic Visions: A History of New Science” published in 2006 by Oxford University Press.

  "As we move into the digital epoch of the prime illusion, holography, patently awaits its devenir to further a vision in Art that may be traced back to the invention of perspective by Italian architect, Filippo Brunelleschi, in the middle of the fifteenth Century when he carried out a series of optical experiments that led to a mathematical theory of perspective, to contemporary science where Stephen Hawking suggest that quantum physics conspires the development of a holistic theory of our universe suggesting the universe may be compared to one giant hologram as the information of the whole exists in every constituent part; each particle containing all information pertaining to everything that exists or ever will exist. Fourier optics combined with powerful computing technology form pure-digital-holography, a modelling tool to explain and ‘unlock' such baffling forces such as gravity, the very glue that binds our atoms together and even the big bang theory. (…) modern holography and its integration into useful every day life is not just a technological speculation, it is a 21 st century inevitability."
  “当我们迈进数码时代的时候,原始的幻影,全息术,理所当然的期待着它对进一步提高视觉艺术所做的贡献。视觉 - 作为一种艺术可以从十五世纪中期意大利建筑师费里波 . 布朗勒斯奇对透视的发明,追溯到当代最新科学中史蒂芬 . 霍金提出的以量子物理学为基础的宇宙整体理论,前者在当时实现了一系列光学实验从而推导出了透视的数学理论,后者则将宇宙比喻为一张巨大的全息图,因为其全部信息存在于每个要素局部中;每个粒子都包含了属于每件事物的所有信息,无论该事物已存在或是将要存在。傅利叶光学与强有力的计算科技相结合形成的纯粹数码全息术,是解释或开启这样一类疑难问题的典型工具,如:重力是将原子绑在一起的超级胶水,乃至大爆炸理论。( … )现代全息术以及其与日常生活的有效结合不仅仅只是一个科技投机,它是一个 21 世纪的必然规律。”
  Richardson , Martin J. quotation of the introduction of “The Prime Illusion: Modern Holography in the New Age of Digital Media” published in 2006 by The Holographic Image Studio.  

  "Therefore we have the following conclusions to describe light as the carrier of optical information.
  (1) Information of human visions is provided by nature four dimensionally or holographically which is composed of its temporal and spatial spectrum sampled by photons. The quantized energy distribution of photons in the universe is expressed holographically by its wave function or probability amplitude through its whole spatial and temporal spectra which is accepted and apperceived holographically by human brains through human eyes.
  (2) Photography(Lippmann Color Photography) have technologically realize the substantial expression of the whole temporal spectrum(full color) with only single spatial spectrum(pinhole camera) as a color picture of one perspective of this universe which is the foundation of nowadays two dimensional image display civilization achieved by one dimensional treatment of electronic signals.
  (3) Holography have technologically realize the substantial expression of the whole spatial spectrum (convolution integrals of the pinhole images) with only single temporal spectrum(laser) as a hologram of this universe which stimulates human to pursue the ultimate dream of three dimensional information display by three dimensional treatment of photonic information.
  (4) The digital holography which combines together the modern electronic civilization and the future photonic wisdom effectively will open the door of civilization alternation from e-IT to p-IT, to make the human beings standing on the starting line of the Marathon Game to pursue the next generation of civilization with the symbol of spatial or vector treatment of the optical information (The Poynting Vector) holographically rather than the temporal or scalar treatment of electronic and photonic pulse signals ever successfully in the last century."
   “因此,我们有以下结论把光作为光信息的载体来描述:
  (1)大自然给人类所提供的视觉信息本身就是四维的 , 或全息的 , 它由光子抽样所产生的时间和空间谱构成。宇宙中的光子离散能量分布由其波函数或概率幅通过其完整的空间和时间谱全息地表现着,同样被人眪*??过人脑全息地接收并感知着。
  (2)摄影术(李普曼彩色照相)利用单一空间谱(针孔相机)从技术上实现了完整时间谱(彩色)的实物物质表现形式,即:该宇宙一个透视图的彩色照片;构成了今天由电子信号一维处理所成就的二维图像显示文明根基。
  (3)全息术利用单一时间谱(激光)从技术上实现了完整空间谱(针孔成像的卷积)的实物物质表现形式,即:该宇宙的全息图;激励着人们利用对光子信息的三维处理去追寻三维信息显示的超级梦想。
  (4)数码全息将有效结合现代电子文明与将来光子智慧,开启从 e-IT 到 p-IT 的文明交替之门,使人类站在冲刺下一代文明马拉松竞赛的起跑线上,其特征是:光信息(玻印廷矢量)的空间或矢量全息处理,而非停留在上世纪空前成功的光电脉冲信号的时间或标量一维处理。”
  Fan, Frank C. quotation of the private mail communication with Prof. Jeong, Tung H. etc. “A new description of light and its applications”

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